# Articles

Ideas about tabular AI, explained plainly.

- [What is a Data Language Model?](https://www.ozercemkelahmet.com/articles/what-is-a-data-language-model.md): A foundation model that reads tables directly, with no shared keys, labels, or preprocessing.
- [What is a tabular foundation model?](https://www.ozercemkelahmet.com/articles/what-is-a-tabular-foundation-model.md): A tabular foundation model is pre-trained on many tables and predicts, imputes, and detects anomalies on a new table without per-dataset training.
- [Why build a large tabular foundation model?](https://www.ozercemkelahmet.com/articles/large-tabular-foundation-model.md): What scale adds to a tabular foundation model: one checkpoint for many tasks, more than 1.5 billion parameters, and the trade-offs of serving it.
- [Real-time AI: from event streams to decisions](https://www.ozercemkelahmet.com/articles/real-time-ai-from-streams-to-decisions.md): What real-time AI is, how Apache Kafka and Apache Flink feed it, and how online and continual learning keep models current.
- [Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG): from naive to agentic](https://www.ozercemkelahmet.com/articles/rag-from-naive-to-agentic.md): How retrieval-augmented generation works, why naive RAG fails, and how advanced, graph, and agentic RAG fix it, with evaluation.
- [AI and machine learning for tabular data: a practical guide](https://www.ozercemkelahmet.com/articles/ai-and-machine-learning-for-tables.md): How AI, machine learning, and deep learning relate, which learning paradigms apply to tables, and when to choose trees or a foundation model.
- [One pass, one bundle: what a table model returns](https://www.ozercemkelahmet.com/articles/one-pass-six-outputs.md): Sector, column profile, cross-table map, imputation, predictions, and a held-out block.
- [Joining tables that share no key](https://www.ozercemkelahmet.com/articles/joining-tables-without-a-key.md): How a model can align columns and match rows across sources, and why the result should be a proposal.
- [A score is only as good as its report](https://www.ozercemkelahmet.com/articles/a-score-is-only-as-good-as-its-report.md): What a held-out report should contain, and how to read one without being fooled by a headline number.
- [Quick runs and endpoints: stateless and stateful](https://www.ozercemkelahmet.com/articles/quick-runs-and-endpoints.md): Two ways to use a table model: a one-shot call that stores nothing, and a persistent endpoint that holds state.
- [Snapshots: freezing data so numbers stay meaningful](https://www.ozercemkelahmet.com/articles/snapshots-keep-numbers-meaningful.md): Why immutable data snapshots make reports, upgrades, and refreshes trustworthy.